Caring for caregivers

In home health nursing, the whole family is the client. In a recent issue of Home Care Provider, Knox and Thobaben discussed the need to identify the significant family members who influence health care resources and decisions. Whatever their relationship to the patient, these individuals frequently provide his or her primary care.     

Heeding warnings ... from the canary, the whale, and the Jnuit, Part Two

There is a tension between traditional and modern definitions of reproductive risk and normalcy. These experts describe that tension as it plays out among the Inuit of Northern Canada from the perspective of a community midwife who has worked with the Inuit. She presents an analytical framework which classifies and illuminates the types of logic that compete in most birth settings around the world--a framework useful for showing how some types of logic can be supervalued while others, such as cultural or intuitive logic, are devalued or simply ignored, often at great cost. Part One presented political, scientific, clinical and cultural logic, and the influence of time. We now go on to look at professionalization and training and describe legal, personal, intuitive and economic logic. The author describes how the Inuit settlement of Povungnituk (POV) attempts to re-integrate the authoritative knowledge of the community by allowing Inuit midwives at The Maternity to choose their own criteria for balancing the imperatives of each kind of logic in decision-making for birth.     

连续识别Zn2+和草甘膦荧光探针的合成与应用

以2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,设计合成了一种结构简单的苯并噻唑类荧光探针2-[2-(苯并噻吩-2-基亚甲基)肼基]苯并噻唑(简称NSS),并通过FTIR、HRMS、¹HNMR、¹³CNMR对其结构进行了表征。荧光光谱表明,在二甲基亚砜中,探针NSS实现了Zn²⁺的“关-开”型检测,具有响应时间短(30 s)、特异性强、抗干扰性强等优点。探针NSS荧光强度与Zn²⁺浓度(0～11μmol/L)呈现良好的线性关系,检出限达19.1 nmol/L,并与Zn²⁺形成物质的量比为1∶1的络合物。同时,络合物NSS-Zn²⁺对草甘膦呈现特异性的荧光猝灭响应,猝灭率达99.4%,检出限16.0 nmol/L(2.71 ng/mL),且不受其他有机磷农药的干扰。     

Quality changes of salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) muscle during thermal processing

ABSTRACT:  The objective of this study was to investigate quality changes of salmon fillet muscle during thermal sterilization processes. Small samples (D 30 mm × H 6 mm) from the central dorsal region were heated in an oil bath at 121.1 °C for periods varying from 5 to 120 min. The quality variations along the longitudinal axis of salmon fillets (raw and heated) were examined. The quality properties studied included shear force, color, cook loss, and shrinkage. To minimize the influence of the heterogeneity of the salmon muscle, a multiple thin blade texture device was developed for shear force measurement and a computer vision system was used to facilitate accurate measurements of color and shrinkage. The red muscle was firmer than the white muscle in the raw but not in heated samples. Muscle from the central dorsal region had a lower cook loss and less shrinkage than samples from either the anterior or posterior region following heating. The greatest change in quality occurred within the 1st 10 min of heating at 121.1 °C. Shear force measurements following heating indicated 2 peaks, one corresponding to 5 min and the second for 60 min processing at 121.1 °C. Possible mechanisms were discussed.     

烤全羊的现状、存在问题及发展趋势

在众多的肉类中,羊肉具有组织细嫩,易消化,有高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇等特点,越来越受到人们的重视.而烤羊肉是新疆历史悠久的传统风味肉食品,它外表金黄油亮,外部肉焦黄发脆,内部肉绵软鲜嫩,羊肉味清香扑鼻,并且具有独特的烧烤风味和丰富的营养,深受大众喜爱.     

温度对直流反应磁控溅射制备TiO2薄膜光学性质的影响

应用DC(直流)反应磁控溅射设备在硅基底上制备TiO2薄膜,在固定的电源功率下,氩气流量为42.6sccm,氧流量为15sccm,溅射时间为30分钟的条件下,通过控制温度改变TiO2薄膜的光学性质.应用n&k Analyzer 1200测量,当温度增加时薄膜的平均反射率降低同时反射低谷向长波方向移动;温度对消光系数k影响不大;当温度低于180℃薄膜的折射率变化不大,当温度达到240℃左右时薄膜的折射率明显降低.通过XRD和SEM表征发现,随着温度的增加TiO2的晶体结构由混晶变为单一的锐钛矿相,薄膜表面的颗粒由多变少,表面形貌由粗糙多孔变得细腻平滑.     

负温下水泥水化热力学模型的研究与论证

利用半导体制冷技术,XRD、SEM及孔结构测试仪对负温下水的结冰行为、水泥石的早期结构及硬化进行了观察和分析,通过理论研究与实践分析,从硅酸盐热力学和物理化学角度首次提出了水泥石在负温下的水化热力学模型.研究认为,负温下在混凝土中加入外加剂时,混凝土中冰的显微结构发生了明显的变化,导致混凝土结构改变.     

Rapid assessment of the quality of deep frying oils used by street vendors with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Deterioration of deep frying oils used by street vendors is one of the major food safety concerns. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied for rapid evaluation of the quality of deep frying oils collected from different street vendors (n = 109) using various frying processes in Shanghai. The levels of free fatty acids (FFA), total polar compounds (TPC), and viscosity of oils were determined with conventional methods and used as reference values for developing PLS models. The FFA (0.07–1.78 mg (KOH)/g) of all tested frying oils were below the maximum allowed value, while 5.5 % of oils had TPC (3.19–54.47 %) above the maximum allowed value (27 %) based upon the related chinese standards. FTIR coupled with PLS regression resulted in less satisfying results for FFA determination (predictability for soybean oils: R² = 0.709, SEP = 0.14, RPD = 1.83), but showed great promise for rapid determination of viscosity (model predictability: R² = 0.921–0.945, SEP = 0.68–0.71, RPD = 3.54–3.98) and TPC (predictability for soybean oils: R² = 0.790–0.931, SEP = 1.89–2.94, RPD = 2.16–3.55) of frying oils from different commercial settings. Developing separated PLS models for shortening and non-shortening oils improved predictability, particularly for the analysis of TPC.